Exploring Information Leakage in Third-Party Compute Clouds Essay

Exploring Information Leakage in Third-Party Compute Clouds - Essay Example In the article, using EC2 service, a ‘map’ was created to understand the potential targets that may be located inside the cloud and also for instance creation parameters, which is needed to establish the co-residence of an adversarial instance. Creation of this type of Map can provide opportunities for the adversaries to place malicious VM on the same physical machine as a target. The authors provide extensive details on how to map the Cloud. According to them, the availability zones in the Cloud are likely to correspond to different internal IP address ranges, which also may be true for instance types as well. Thus, when the adversary maps the use of the EC2 internal address space, it can help them to find out which â€Å"IP addresses corresponds to which creation parameters.† (Ristenpart et al.). In addition, EC2’s DNS service has the provision to map public IP address to private IP address. The map thus generated can be used by the adversary to deduce th e instance type and availability zones of a target service, which sizably reduces the number of instances that needs to be tried, before a co-resident placement is successfully achieved. The authors evaluate the above discussed two vulnerable sections by using two data sets. The first data set is the one which is created by categorizing the public EC2-based web servers using external probes like WHOIS queries, and then translating the responsive public IPs to internal IPs. The second set is created by initiating a number of EC2 instances of varying types, and then surveying the resulting IP address assigned. (Ristenpart et al.). To fully utilize this data, the authors presented a heuristic algorithm, which has the ability to label /24 prefixes with an estimate of the availability zone. Thus, by using these options, a map of internal EC2 address space is outputted, which can allow adversaries to estimate the availability zone and instance type of any target. With outputted map, the a dversary can attempt to achieve placement on the same physical machine, and so in the next section of the article, the authors discuss about the several co-residence checks. According to the authors, instances are said to be co-resident, if they have matching â€Å"Dom0 IP address, small packet round-trip times, or even numerically close internal IP addresses.† (Ristenpart et al.). After providing this crucial piece of information, the authors focus on how adversaries can achieve co-residence in the same physical machine using the outputted map, by following two strategies, the brute-force strategy and the refined strategy. Under brute-force strategy, the attacker has to simply launch many instances over a relatively long period of time. In the case of refined strategy, the attacker has to target the recently-launched instances, as the Third Party providers particularly EC2 assign fresh instances to mainly the same small set of machines. According to the authors, the later st rategy has high chances of achieving co-residence, and they provide how this strategy â€Å"achieves co-residence with a specific (m1.small) instance almost half the time.† (Ristenpart et

Great Gatsby :: essays papers

Great Gatsby Two prevalent themes portrayed in The Great Gatsby are money and social status, both which coincide with the novel’s four settings: East Egg, West Egg, the Valley of Ashes, and New York. As Natania stated, these different locations are used to â€Å"show the absurdities of modern life,† as well as to dictate social class from the upper royal status of the East Egg community to the common folk of New York. Fitzgerald uses these settings and the actions of characters within them to define and set boundaries between financial and social status of the roaring 20’s. An example of Fitzgerald’s technique lies in the comparison of Myrtle Wilson’s party in her New York apartment to one of Gatsby’s many summer parties in his West Egg mansion. Through descriptions of guests coming and going frequently, and the obnoxious drinking and wild conversation going on at the New York and West Egg parties, the reader can conclude that neither of these locations are above the social standing of an upper class party of East Egg, such as one at Tom and Daisy Buchanan’s without the slight insanity of their dysfunctional family. However, the differences between Myrtle and Gatsby’s parties are great and relevant to Fitzgerald’s theme. For example, the physical description of guests attending the party in New York gives knowledge to the reader of their lower class standing. Myrtle’s sister arrives with a â€Å"sticky bob of red hair† and wild, unnatural eyebrows and makeup, and Mr. McKee with lather showing on his cheekbone. His wife is described as â€Å"shrill, languid, handsome, and horrible,† quite the opposite of guests attending Gatsby’s party, and even the host himself. Fitzgerald describes Gatsby as a very clean cut, proud postured, gentlemanly looking man with hair which looks like it â€Å"were trimmed every day,† just as a stereotypical member of the social upper class should appear. Myrtle’s party included obnoxious, almost insane guests who were quick to speak their rude, blunt opinions and provide proof to Jordan Baker’s statement that â€Å"at small parties there isn’t any privacy.† In fact, Tom Buchanan was so uncivilized a guest as to punch Myrtle, his lover and the party’s hostess, and cause a bloody mess.

China – Economic Development Essay

Kimberly Remijan MWH Mr. Harvey The Pros Outweigh the Cons When one thinks of a major Chinese city such as Shanghai or Beijing, images of sidewalks overcrowded with pedestrians, thousands of bicycles lined on the streets and litter spotted throughout public areas may come to mind. However, with the modernization and industrialization China has gone through, urban citizens are now more frequently using public transport, automobiles are increasingly being used more and people are hired to keep streets as clean as possible.With a little over three decades having past since the major industrial development, China has industrialized at an astonishing rate. This is especially apparent when comparing its much higher industrializing rates to Japan, the UK and the US. With such high rates of growth, there are both negative and positive aspects that come out of such development. Although general health in China is not at its best, post 1980 industrial development has improved the average Chine se citizen’s life tremendously both personally and publically.Through the rush of industrialization, Chinese industry and production has had a negative effect on the health of citizens because of the air pollution from coal, water pollution from factory emissions and the inhumane working conditions for some people. The production of coal, a major industry in China, emits sulfur compounds, carbon and other byproducts into the air, which increases the risks of cancer, lung and heart issues. â€Å"Sulfur dioxide produced in coal combustion poses an immediate threat to the health of China’s citizens, contribution to about 40,000 premature deaths a year† (Bradsher and Barboza).This not only affects the physical welfare of workers but anyone who is exposed to this tainted air. Sulfur dioxide emitted from coal combustion also contributes to acid rain, poisoning bodies of water and vegetation. â€Å"Nearly 500 million people lack access to safe drinking water† (K han and Yardley). With people running the risk of being dehydrated, it is hard to imagine that they can have a healthy immune system and enough energy to function properly. Also, it is much more difficult to move forward in life without having clean water for hygiene and food urposes. Lastly, the horrendous working conditions for some workers in factories are destroying their health. People work where there are no regards to human safety, and live in overpopulated housing and do not have common household appliances, resulting in about 5,000 deaths annually (â€Å"Great Leap Backward†). This affects the comfort and safety of workers, resulting in physical and emotional unhappiness. However, even though it true that the health of many is at stake, there are many other effects of industrialization that citizens are benefitting from as well.In the past few decades, citizens have been experiencing the personal benefits of higher income, a growing middle class and wider choice and availability of household appliances and comforts. Many citizens, especially those living rurally, are seeing an increase in income. â€Å"The number of rural poor people decreased from 49. 6 million to 28. 2 million in 2002† (â€Å"China Sees Improvements†). With more money to spare, many people are now able to spend on more, better quality food, hygiene, business, education for their children and other factors that create a life with more opportunities for the present and the future.Also, the middle class has recently been growing and developing. â€Å"China’s growing middle class has made it to the second largest luxury good market in the world† (Rapoza). A growing middle class means that the general economy is improving, and there is higher demand for goods. Factories then need to be created, more jobs are available and there is more production. The lower class gets smaller and the middle and upper class grows, which benefits everyone. This then leads on to household appliances becoming more affordable and available to the population. Household appliances such as TV sets, washing machines and refrigerators became more common, and an increasing number of families acquired computers and cars† (â€Å"China Sees Improvements†). With such comforts being more widely used than in the past, people are able to live more comfortably and happily. The benefits for the common people do not stop here. On a public level, public transportation is now being frequently used and education as well as heath-care is more available and accessible to citizens.Public transport such as buses, trains, airplanes and boats are being developed and utilized by many. â€Å"China will build or renovate 150 airports†¦harness water routes along major rivers†¦build 20 thousand kilometers of roads†¦and 6,000 kilometers of railways† (â€Å"China to Witness Development†). Going back a few years ago when China mostly used bicy cles to get to and from places, this burst of transportation development is huge. Not only is it available to many now but the government also continues to improve such means of transport, which will make business, travel, trading and communication much easier.It gets even better as the government focuses much of its time and money on spreading opportunities for education throughout the country. â€Å"In the nine-year compulsory education, the central government remitted 52 million students from underdeveloped western and central regions their tuition fees and extras† (â€Å"China Economic Growth†). With education being available to all social and economic classes in China, there is opportunity for a great social leap in the future. With proper schooling, young adults are able to be exposed to more job opportunities and are able to support their families and work their way out of poverty.Similarly, there have been efforts made to increase availability and quality of co mmon medical care throughout the nation. â€Å"As conditions of medical care continue to improve, people’s health has come to a higher level with the average life expectancy reaching 71. 8 years in 2002† (â€Å"China Sees Improvements†). With healthcare conditions getting better and people living longer, it is apparent that people’s life standards are improving. Increased life expectancy generally means that there is better hygiene, health and environment than in the past.Through these three effects that have come out of industrialization, it is apparent that the public is affected positively in many ways. Even though the health situation with some Chinese citizens is not at its peak, post 1980 industrial development in China has colossally increased living standards of many on both a personal and public level. People have and are earning more salary, a middle class is emerging and developing and household applications are now more accessible. Additionall y, public transportation is more developed and utilized and education and healthcare availability and quality is improving.All these benefits are wonderful, but there is still the matter of people’s health being negatively affected by coal production and the conditions workers go through to produce coal and other goods in factors. Before coming up with conclusions, one must look at this issue in context. First of all, the rate at which China is industrializing is much higher than nations in the past, such as the UK taking 150 years and Japan taking 40 years to completely industrialize. With China’s growth spurt being so huge, there are bound to be some consequences in order to achieve all the other benefits stated previously.Additionally, while still comparing China to past industrial development periods, the UK used to also have bad working conditions in the cities with factories emitting outrageous amounts of pollution. With some time and effort, these conditions imp roved and more ecofriendly factories and machinery was used. The same goes for Japan and the US. The odds point to China doing the same as well because of the following reasons. With increased education and income, citizens young and old are becoming more aware of their environmental and health situation.Also, with all the efforts the government is putting into healthcare for its people, it is apparent that their wellbeing is being put into consideration. Hopefully this will lead to actions for the long term by eliminating inhumane working conditions and harm to the environment. If China continually seeks the example of other leading countries and keeps in pace with their efforts for the environment, one can see that the benefits of post 1980 industrialization will continue to and grow in outweighing the negatives of the harmful conditions and factories.

How Children Learn Language Essay - 1075 Words

How Children Learn Language Language, the largest and most common way we communicate in this world. It could be Spanish, English, Chinese or Japanese; we learn and use it in our everyday life. It is not genetically encoded in our brain to speak yet, we are able to start speaking or using a language. Children are born with no knowledge of the world. Children are able to learn language through interactions brain development and part of human development. Their brain develops everyday; helping them to learn words, actions, speeches through visualization, verbalization and hearing. As they grow older their vocabularies get bigger and eventually start using words in sentences. The most common way we see children learning a language is through†¦show more content†¦All of them perform different responsibilities and functions. The right side of the brain controls the left side of the brain and vice versa. The part of the brain responsible for speech, language recognition and facia l nerves is the Broca’s area. The Broca’s area was named after Pierre Paul Broca who discovered speech impairment of a patient. Language is acquired through practice of vocabularies and speech repetition. Children with a slower rate of repetition shows slow rate of vocabulary expansion. Children can also learn at least ten to fifteen new words every day. Children sustain the new vocabularies by repetition, observation and parents helping them. Behaviorist believes that language is learned through observation and that language is not as important as the ability to speak it. The linguistic approach to learning is that language is a structure and grammar independent of use. They credit the brain as the main source of learning a language. They also believe that a child is born with the ability to learn and speak a language. Infants are born with the ability to see, hear, smell and think; they continue to develop in the first month of their lives. Infants can usually see six to eight inches away and they automatically start sucking when given a nipple. They can gaze at an object that is shape like a face and they smell and prefer their mothers scent and mothers’Show MoreRelatedHow Children Learn Language1986 Words   |  8 PagesHOW CHILDREN LEARN LANGUAGE By : Ahmadrawi The writer can be contacted at: scholars.assist@gmail.com 1. OVERVIEW The exact way in which millions of developing children get to the point where they can produce and understand millions of words and make sentences out of it is the subject of a heated debate in the psycholinguistic field. According to Saxton (2010,p.18), the study on how children learn language can be traced back to the German biologist, Tiedermann, in 1787. However, up untilRead MoreHow Children Learn Language749 Words   |  3 Pagespast or we observer from what other have done. This paper is about applying the knowledge and application to long-term memories, classical conditioning, positive reinforcement and child learn language. Long-term memories are files that are stored in the folder area of our brains. We use these memories to learn from them, so we can safeguard against things that are similar to these experiences we had in the pasted. Every day that goes by each one of us is going to be learning something new in thisRead MoreHow Do Small Children Learn Their First Language?1216 Words   |  5 PagesHow do small children learn their first language? Discuss some environmental factors and internal factors involved in language acquisition. â€Å"Children are extremely perceptive and absorb what goes on around them long before they can talk or even comprehend the language†. -Theodore Isaac Rubin, psychiatrist and author. But, have you ever thought about how children learn their first language. Do they certainly learn by absorbing what they hear around them or is there more to that? Maybe we do not giveRead MoreHow Teachers Can Help Children Learn a Second Language Effectively by the Teaching Satrat egies They Use in Class2209 Words   |  9 PagesINSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE FORMACIÓN DOCENTE Y TECNICA N º 55 PROFESORADO DE INGLES ENGLISH AND ITS TEACHING III Academic Paper HOW TEACHERS CAN HELP CHILDREN LEARN A SECOND LANGUAGE EFFECTIVELY BY THE TEACHING SATRATEGIES THEY USE IN CLASS Student: MONTANARI, JIMENA TEACHER: PROF. SARA RACKER 2010 Abstract Play, imagination and literature are considered essential for children’s whole development. Research shows that they are concerned with the development of abstract thought and creative use of knowledgeRead MoreThe Behaviorist Theory And The Nativist Theory963 Words   |  4 PagesLearning a language is very important in the human life, without some type of language humans would not be able to survive in this world. Language is something that humans use in a daily life. It is what they use to get what they want, to fight for what they believe, to resolve a conflict; language is important. The way that someone may learn a language is just as important as knowing a language. The way someone may learn a language is important because the way they learned it may affect the wayRead MoreDo Children Need To Acquire A Second Language? Do Children1733 Words   |  7 PagesDo children need to acquire a second language? Do children need to learn? It is true that learning another language takes time and dedications. Also, people may think that learning a foreign language leads to confusion and especially for children. Parents start being afraid that their children’s brains will get affected by learning another language, and they think that their brains will grow slowly by attempting to acquire a different language. However, being bilingual is helpful to improve the listeningRead MoreLearning A Second Language At A Young Age1243 Words   |  5 Pagesable to fluently speak two languages is a very demanding and competitive skill. The capability to articulate thoughts to people who may not speak the same primary language as you is very profitable not only in the work force, but also in everyday life. Learning a second language also helps to shorten cultural gaps between different countries. With the seemingly increased importance in learning a second language, schools nationwide have implemented learning a foreign language as a requirement, for graduationRead Mo reHow Human Beings Learn Languages1562 Words   |  7 PagesHow human beings learn languages is one of the most interesting processes that have been discussed by several scholars. The process through which human beings learn language is known as language acquisition, and it is a process that begins from the infancy stage. Different studies have been completed to highlight the process that human beings undergo to acquire language, specifically those who learn more than one language. These are the studies that this paper will analyze using the two articlesRead MoreLanguage Acquisition : Study Of How Humans Acquire A Set Of Semantic, Syntactic And Phonological Categories Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesLanguage Acquisition Language acquisition is the study of how humans acquire a set of semantic, syntactic, morphological and phonological categories and rules that underlie their ability to speak and understand the language to which they are exposed. (Parker and Riley, 2005) Language is an understanding that truly makes us human. Yes, other species do communicate with an innate ability to produce a limited number of meaningful words, but there is no other species that can express sentences withRead MoreHuman Language Is A Wonderful Way With Communicate1420 Words   |  6 PagesHuman language is a wonderful way to communicate. Sometimes I think what this world would be like with any languages. 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